Performance Appraisals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Performance Appraisals - Essay Example Appraisal outcomes are used to recognize the shoddier performers who may require some form of counseling, or in extreme cases, relegation, discharge or reduction in pay. Performance appraisal engages an assessment of real against preferred performance. It also assists in assessing different factors which manipulate performance. Managers need to plan performance growth approaches in a planned way for each employee. Managers should keep the objectives of the organization in mind and plan at best possible exploitation of all accessible resources, including financial. Performance appraisal is a multistage procedure in which communication plays a significant part. (i) Essay appraisal method: The evaluator writes a short essay providing an evaluation of the strengths, weaknesses and potentials of the employee. In order to do so impartially, it is essential that the evaluator knows the employee well and should have interrelated with the employee. The time taken and contents of the essay differ between evaluators, essay ratings are complicated to evaluate. (ii) Graphic rating scale: A graphic scale evaluates a person on the eminence of his or her work (average; above average; outstanding; or unsatisfactory). Graphic scales seem basic in creation; they have a function in an extensive assortment of job responsibilities and are more reliable and reliable in comparison with essay appraisal. (iii) Field review method: To overcome the evaluator linked unfairness, essay and graphic rating techniques can be joined in an orderly evaluation procedure. In the field review method, 'an associate of the HRM staff convenes with a small group of evaluators from the supervisory units to talk about each rating, thoroughly recognizing areas of inter evaluator difference.' Field review evaluation is considered applicable and dependable, it is time consuming. (iv) Forced choice rating method: The forced-choice rating method does not engage conversation with managers unlike the field review method. This method has numerous differences; the most common is to compel the evaluator to choose the good and bad fit statement from a group of statements. These statements are subjective or attained in advance to evaluate the worker. The score or weights allocated to the individual statements are not exposed to the evaluator so that she or he cannot support any employee. In this way, the evaluator favoritism is mostly abolished and related standards of performance develop for an objective. This method is of little worth wherever performance appraisal interviews are carried out. (v) Critical incident appraisal method: In this technique, a manager explains significant confrontations, giving particulars of both constructive and unconstructive performance of the employee. These are then talked about with the employee. The conversation focuses on authentic behavior rather than on personality. This technique is well suitable for performance evaluation

Occupational Crime and Avocational Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Occupational Crime and Avocational Crime - Essay Example One of the more important challenges confronting the financial heath of retail companies is employee theft. A study undertaken by Hollinger and Pernice (1998) determines that employee theft is the primary cause of inventory shrinkage in retail companies, culminating in losses of billions of dollars per annum. Not only had that but, in immediate comparison to shoplifting, the researchers found that while a single incident of shoplifting averages $212.68, one incident of employee theft averages $1,058.20. Within the context of the aforementioned comparison, it is hardly surprising to discover that employee theft is the primary factor behind inventory shrinkage.Given the dimensions of the problem, as articulated in the preceding paragraph, it is incumbent upon retail companies to design and subsequently implement a strategy as would confront and overcome employee theft. Hollinger and Pernice (1998) maintain that electronic surveillance has, over the years, proven its effectiveness and, in immediate comparison to other strategies, has proven to be â€Å"the most popular loss prevention system† (Hollinger and Pernice, 1998, par. 6). The knowledge that their crime may be recorded and that they may have to face the concomitant legal and career repercussions functions to control an employee’s desire or tendency to steal. As such, the adoption of electronic surveillance may be a solution to the problem.The fact is that such systems are expensive and function to demoralise employees. Friedrichs (2004) emphasizes, other than the cost factor, electronic surveillance may not be the optimal solution to inventory shrinkage due to the negative effect that such systems have upon employee loyalty. In other words, despite the fact that the system has a proven advantage, it has an undesirable effect on employee morale. Rather than install expensive electronic surveillance systems, it is more advisable for a retail company to comprehend the nature of the workplace environment and the factors therein which either allow or motivate such actions. Friedrichs (2004) argues that employee disgruntlement, borne out of the feeling of being underpaid, overworked and unappreciated, and the existence of opportunities to steal are the primary causal factors of inventory shrinkage. In other words, a lack of commitment to the workplace, concomitant with workplace disorganization compels employee theft. The solution to employee theft, as explained in the

Religious Approaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Religious Approaches - Essay Example The non-Christian Chinese should engage them through these core values that are also shared by the Christians and they should come in it knowing that it is not an event for hostile arguments. They should not seek to defend nor to attack for at the end no one will emerge as the winner. The dialogue should be conducted with the aim of increasing understanding. The non-Christians Chinese should at all times make sure that the formal debate doesn’t occur outside the dialogue. This doesn’t imply that there should no, or there will be no disagreement at the time of the dialogue. Since the differences that exist at the core of individual’s systems of belief are at issue, frequent disagreements are bound to be there. However, the dialogue isn’t the forum for trying to demonstrate the greatness of one system of belief over another. Open disagreement is supposed to primarily take place only whenever a participant is convinced that another participant has prompted or made a misconception to the practices and beliefs of the first. The non-Christians Chinese when engaging Christians in dialogue, they are supposed to let them their own self-definition. This is a very important rule in such type of dialogue. Christians have to be given the chance to define their beliefs, as well as their understanding of the religious teachings without being contradicted by the non-Christian Chinese. They should also be willing to critically look into their very own religion as they look into Christianity.

Occupational Crime and Avocational Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Occupational Crime and Avocational Crime - Essay Example One of the more important challenges confronting the financial heath of retail companies is employee theft. A study undertaken by Hollinger and Pernice (1998) determines that employee theft is the primary cause of inventory shrinkage in retail companies, culminating in losses of billions of dollars per annum. Not only had that but, in immediate comparison to shoplifting, the researchers found that while a single incident of shoplifting averages $212.68, one incident of employee theft averages $1,058.20. Within the context of the aforementioned comparison, it is hardly surprising to discover that employee theft is the primary factor behind inventory shrinkage.Given the dimensions of the problem, as articulated in the preceding paragraph, it is incumbent upon retail companies to design and subsequently implement a strategy as would confront and overcome employee theft. Hollinger and Pernice (1998) maintain that electronic surveillance has, over the years, proven its effectiveness and, in immediate comparison to other strategies, has proven to be â€Å"the most popular loss prevention system† (Hollinger and Pernice, 1998, par. 6). The knowledge that their crime may be recorded and that they may have to face the concomitant legal and career repercussions functions to control an employee’s desire or tendency to steal. As such, the adoption of electronic surveillance may be a solution to the problem.The fact is that such systems are expensive and function to demoralise employees. Friedrichs (2004) emphasizes, other than the cost factor, electronic surveillance may not be the optimal solution to inventory shrinkage due to the negative effect that such systems have upon employee loyalty. In other words, despite the fact that the system has a proven advantage, it has an undesirable effect on employee morale. Rather than install expensive electronic surveillance systems, it is more advisable for a retail company to comprehend the nature of the workplace environment and the factors therein which either allow or motivate such actions. Friedrichs (2004) argues that employee disgruntlement, borne out of the feeling of being underpaid, overworked and unappreciated, and the existence of opportunities to steal are the primary causal factors of inventory shrinkage. In other words, a lack of commitment to the workplace, concomitant with workplace disorganization compels employee theft. The solution to employee theft, as explained in the

The Analysis of “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee Essay Example for Free

The Analysis of â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee Essay The text under study belongs to famous American writer Harper Lee. It’s a passage of her novel â€Å"To kill a mockingbird†, but as the extract is rather complete we can define it as a short story. The extract under analysis depicts a trial of Tom Robinson who is accused of assaulting a white girl. So we can easily define the following theme: the trial of a Negro man who has supposedly raped a white girl. The problem raised by the author is an issue of justice. The main idea the author tries to reveal is in spite of the fact that people are different according to their age, sex, education, social status, colour of skin etc., all should be treated equally and honestly when they go before court. The main conflict is between the defence and the prosecution. It’s obvious and external. We observe the events through the eyes of Jean Louise, seven years old daughter of Atticus, who is present at trial. Though Jean’s observations and views are important, the essential part of the passage is dedicated to Atticus’s speech which is worth considering as it’s a bright example of an oratory. Public speeches in general are being given by all kinds of people to many kinds of audience. But the aim of the speech is always the same — the speaker must win the audience heart, must make it believe him, support him, and stand by his side. Logically organized speech, which would sound convincing, is the only way to succeed. And such oratory has certain features that are also present at Atticus’s speech. Throughout Atticus’s speech the author uses different CDs of different language levels to make the speech coherent, convincing, and emotionally appealing. As the most features of the oratory are present at Atticus’s speech, we can conclude that it has an argumentative power and is logically built. I think this was achieved due to that fact that Harper Lee herself studied law at university so she knew full well what she was writing about. As for the main character we can say that even he didn’t win this trial he made everybody, both black and white people, respect him. We can say beyond all the reasonable doubt that at the introduction to the story Atticus was by rights called an experienced lawyer and a smart and wise person.

Ready-Made Garments (RMG) Sector Of Bangladesh

Ready-Made Garments (RMG) Sector Of Bangladesh Introduction: Entirely export oriented Ready-Made Garments (RMG) sector of Bangladesh has experienced a noteworthy enhancement since its commencement in last half of 1970s. Strangely enough, though this major industry is now totally based on private entrepreneurial efforts, its inauguration was rooted into an export consignment of Shirt which was done by Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB), the state operated trading agency, in mid ‘70s. The export consignment held with some East-European countries. However, the entrance of private entrepreneurs in this sector gifted it with a tremendous boost. Background: Reformed domestic policy and the international Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA) are the key procedures that ameliorated the condition of Bangladeshi RMG export (Quddus and Rashid, 2000). In the decade of ‘80s, Bangladesh adopted a modification in national economic policy to run its economy under the tutelage of World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). Establishment of Export Processing Zones (EPZ) channeled foreign direct investment in this sector (Bhattacharya, et al., 2001, p.2-26). Money-spinning facilities like cash assistance, income tax rebate, freight and power rate rebate, tax holiday, loans at lower rate, provision of back to back Letter of Credit (LC), guarantee scheme for export credit, decreasing interest rate in export credit, reducing harbor charges, bond facilities for warehouse, duty free imports of raw materials and productive machineries, were offered to export oriented RMG industries (Mayumi, 2004) The MFA was an agreement of World Trade Organization (WTO), done in 1974 which set quotas for export of textile and garments related products from the developing countries (Rahman, 2004). Under this agreement, USA and Canada, the then largest RMG importers, imposed quota restrictions and maintained a limit in importing products from countries such as Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, South Korea, Sri-Lanka, India, Taiwan, Malaysia and Indonesia. Moreover, some countries had also major internal problems, like, sudden increase in labor cost in Sri-Lanka (Siddiqui, 2003). As a result, for minimizing the cost, the importers started looking for alternative sources and Bangladesh became a lucrative source for them for facilities like low labor cost and large export quotas (Wigg, 1990, p.154-159). Bangladesh received preferential treatment by USA and European Union, as a less developed country. Paradoxically, within 1985, Bangladesh appeared as a giant in international apparel sector and beca me a major competitor for the suppliers in USA, Canadian and European market. Thus, the bed rock of this major industry of Bangladesh was set down and slowly gradually this industry has become the core of the national economy. Later, RMG sector also received other facilities like Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) from USA and UK. Major problems of RMG industry of Bangladesh: In spite of being the main source of the money stream in internal economy of Bangladesh, the Ready-Made Garments sector is in continuous threat by some major and crucial factors. As a result, the whole sector is in risk and in a volatile situation which may disgracefully collapse the whole sector as well as the country’s economy. These problems or threats can be categorized in following sections: Critical political condition In-apt workers Lack of proper in-work precautionary security measures Workers Dissatisfaction i. Critical political condition: Internal political instability and security threats due to such instable condition has become a serious concern for the RMG industry. If we focus on recent situation, only during the political unrest in October and November, 2013, this industry had to count a loss of minimum TK. 2000 corer and orders worth $2.40 million were cancelled by the buyer only in first ten days of December, 2013. Moreover, due to the rail-road blockade, the exporters had to do air shipment which also compelled them to bear an extra expense of $0.9 million. For delayed shipment the exporters experienced a price cut by $4.65 million as orders valuing $6.6 million were supplied in delay (Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha, December 12, 2013). ii. In-apt worker: Bangladesh is now a major competitor in international RMG market. This makes it compulsory to maintain the quality of the product. Quality control in production unit largely depends on time to time training and workshop programs organized for the workers. But, ironically, such initiatives are absent in Bangladesh. As a result, the qualities of the products are degrading which sometimes result in cancellation of the consignment and creates a negative image in the international market. iii. Lack of proper in-work precautionary security measures: The most serious issue regarding the RMG sector of Bangladesh is most of the factories lack proper safety measures against any unwanted perils. This is making the working zone immensely risky which also violates the rules and regulations of International Labor Organization (ILO). Such irresponsible attitude of the factory owners is the key reason behind many accidents in recent years which have taken great tolls of life. In past 11years, approximately 730 workers were blazed and killed and about 4700 workers were injured in several fire accidents in garments factories. The amount of deaths and casualties in building collapse is numerous. Only in the building collapse on April 24, 2013 of Rana Plaza in Savar, 1,130 people were reported to be dead and approximately 2,515 injured people were reported to be rescued from the building (New Age, April, 2013). Continuous accidents like Spectrum Sweater Industries, Phoenix Garments, Smart Export Garments, Tazreen Fashion, Garib Garib, Matrix Sweater, Ha-Meem Group and many more has made the foreign buyers too much concerned about the issue. iv. Workers Dissatisfaction: The RMG sector has faced several incidents of strikes by the workers for the issue of inadequate payment. The workers belong to the lower income group of the society. Although, this sector is the backbone of the country’s economy, the radar of the sector, the workers, are not even paid the minimum to keep their heart and soul together. The sector became volatile due to labor unrest for the first time in 2006 and since then it has become a regular phenomenon. In 2006 the unrest condition was mitigated by discussion with the labor representatives and the minimum pay rate was decided to be Tk. 1662.50. But the agitation aroused again in 2010 and the rate was revised to Tk. 3000 per month which came into effect in November 2010 (The Daily Star Forum, August 2012). But, if we consider the current inflation and living cost, the logical minimum wage should be higher. According to Center for Policy Dialogue (CPD), the minimum wage of a worker is shown below: Issues Tk. Daily Food Costs (average of male and female) 108 Monthly Food Costs 3240 Monthly Non-Food Costs (52% of total cost as per the FGD) 3510 Food + Non Food Costs 6750 Required Monthly Minimum Wage=(Food costs + Non-food costs) 6750 *Moazzem, K.G. and Raz, S., 2013, Revision of the minimum wage in RMG sector, pp.28. Conclusion: In current perspective, RMG sector is the lifeblood of the economy of Bangladesh. Both GDP and GNP depend on this sector. As a result, for the betterment of the national economy it’s must to strive to alleviate the problems of this sector. Moreover, the sector currently employs about 4.2 million workers whose fate directly depends on the existence of RMG sector. References: Moazzem, K.G. and Raz, S., 2013. Revision of the minimum wage in RMG sector, pp.28 Mridha, R.U., 2012, Causes of RMG unrest. The Daily Star Forum, [internet] August  Available at: http://archive.thedailystar.net/forum/2012/August/rmg.htm  [Accessed 4 March 2014] Alamgir, M. and Haque, M., 2013. RMG workers killed in fires, factory collapses in 11 years. The Daily New Age, [internet] 25 April  Available at: http://www.newagebd.com/detail.php?date=2013-04-25nid=47200  [Accessed 4 March 2014]

POlitical Campaign Advertising Essay -- essays research papers

Since 1952, television has played a major role in presidential elections. Television allows candidates to reach a broad number of people, and personalities, to help push along their campaigns. Campaigns help the candidates just as much as the voters. The candidates get to be identified, and known to the voters, and the voters get to hear and see how a specific candidate identifies with their needs and wants. The best way to get this information out there is through the most used form of media, television.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When candidates develop a plan of attack for campaign advertising, they tend to aim for at least four types of commercials. One form or type of commercial is those which play on the fears of countrymen. Fear is a good emotion to play on, if your opponent is â€Å"unknown or untested† nationally. Instill in fear of the opponent is a good way to gain the upper hand in an election, because if people don’t feel their president can make safe and smart decision, nine times out of ten they will not want that person in office. In the past the â€Å"fear† factor, made people think what if? And in return they start to second guess who they want in office.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the election of 2004, the bush campaign ran an advertisement; whose focus was to act on the fear of Americans. The bush campaign ran an ad titled â€Å"Finish It† (1). This ad showed that the war in Iraq was necessary, and needed, and if John Kerry was elected to office the harmful acts against America would go unpunished. I didn’t particular like this ad, but I think the message was clear and a lot of Americans identified with this ad. The impact of this ad, caused myself and many others to think, that if we elect a new president in war time, what would happen to the people in Iraq, and more importantly what would happen to the troops.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another type of commercial that campaigns look to run is the â€Å"real people† ad, or the ads that show the candidate to be â€Å"just like everyone else†. These ads are used to connect with the people, and show how a candidate relates to the needs and wants of everyone. When people get the feeling that a candidate can relate to their needs and wants, they lean more toward supporting that candidate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Campaigns allow the candidate to reach out to prospective voters and get the issues o... ... there attitude. On the republican side you had an overwhelming amount of ads that made Senator Kerry seem like a person who you could not trust, and a person who only looks out for his own best interest. Where as on the democratic platform you have ad that show Americans rallying together, you have ads that appeal to a sensitive, family oriented nation that just want to feel safe and secure. The democratic ads are warm and caring, while the republican ads are cold and stern.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unlike ads of the past the ads displayed in the 2004 election were heavily focused on information and factual content. The voters are forced to make a decision on war, foreign affairs, and military issues. The scope and focus of the ads form both political parties were mainly to get voted in the ever so popular electoral swing states. I think the ad were obviously effective due to the outcome of the election. Political ad make all of the difference when it come to those state who are on the border and you never know which way the electorate will vote. And Negative ads play an even bigger role because people always forget the good things about a person and always remember the bad.